16 Tenses (Present Tense)

1. Simple Present Tense
=> menyatakan suatu pekerjaan, peristiwa, atau kejadian yang terjadi hari ini(perbuatan yang terjadi saat ini) yang berulang kali atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Formula : S + To Be + V1 + C

Example :   (+)  He is very sad.

                 (-)  He is not very sad.

                 (?)  is he very sad?

Passive Formula : O + To Be + V3 + by + S + C

Example : (Active) I helps her to clean her room.

               (Passive) She is helped by me to clean her room.

2. Present Continuous Tense

=> menyatakan suatu kejadian(perbuatan) atau pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung(terjadi) pada saat sekarang(waktu bicara).

Formula : S + To Be + V.ing + C

Example :   (+)  You are watching football now.

                 (-)  You are not watching football now.

                 (?)  are you watching football now?

Passive Formula : O + To Be + being + V3 + by + S + C

Example : (Active) We are sweeping the class.

               (Passive) The class is being swept by us.

3. Present Perfect Tense
=> menyaakan suatu perbuatan, peristiwa, kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu sekarang atau untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat(baru selesai).

Formula : S + have/has + V3 + C

Example :   (+)  They have visited her twice.

                 (-)  They have not visited her twice.

                 (?)  have they visited her twice?

Passive Formula : O + have/has + been + V3 + by + S + C

Example : (Active) They have taken my puzzle.

              (Passive) My puzzle have been taken by them.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

=> menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Formula : S + have/has + been + V.ing + C

Example :   (+)  He has been going there for six weeks.

                 (-)  He has not been going there for six weeks.

                 (?)  has he been going there for six week?

Passive Formula : O + have/has + being + V3 + by + S + C

Example : (Active) Tomo has been bringing a magazine since last week.

               (Passive) Magazine has been being brought by Tomo since last week.

Sumber : Buku(cara cepat menguasai tenses, Drs. Budiono, penerbit Bintang Indonesia, Jakarta), internet, teman, dll.